Sunday, November 25, 2007

The United Independent Compensatory Code/System/Concept: a textbook, workbook, for Victims of white supremacy

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Background information on Mr. Neely Fuller, Jr.

Mr. Neely Fuller, Jr., 74 years of age, was born on October 6, 1929 at the height of the Great Depression. He served in two branches of the Armed Forces. He served in the Army during the Korean War Conflict for his first term. For his second term, he served in the Air force during the Little Rock 9 era where 9 black youths went to an all white high school during desegregation. During this time, he wrote the first six pages of his book called The United Independent Compensatory Code/System/Concept: a textbook, workbook, for Victims of White Supremacy. He carried these six pages around for years. Expanding the book as situations presented themselves; the book eventually grew from six pages to 1,300 pages. These pages were kept in a suitcase. When he left the military in 1984, he organized the pages into a more comprehensive form by placing them in note binders. He is currently expanding this book according to our modern-day use of words.

IN MR. FULLER'S OWN WORDS:

I, Neely Fuller, Jr. (1/0), the writer/author of this book, have been, like millions of others, a long-time Victim Of and Servant To, Racism (White Supremacy) in all areas of activity. My experiences, observations, and/or studies, have led me to believe the following:

Racism, has done more to promote non-justice, than any other socio-material system known to have been produced, or supported, by the people of the known universe.

No major problem, that exists between the people of the known universe, can be eliminated until Racism is eliminated.

• The fear, frustration, malice, and confusion, that is caused by Racism, retards or prevents all constructive activity between the people of the known universe.

• The only form of functional Racism that exists among the people of the known universe is "White Supremacy."

• The people who have the ability to eliminate Racism do not have the will to do so, and, the people who have the will to do so, do not have the ability.

• Regardless of all that has been said or done, the quality of the relationship(s) between white people and black people is, and has been, a total disaster.

Justice is better than Racism.

• As long as Racism exists, anything said, or done, by people, that is not intended to help eliminate Racism, and to help produce justice, is a waste of time/energy.

• Each and every Victim of Racism should minimize the time and effort spent doing anything other than, thinking, speaking, and acting, in a manner that helps to eliminate Racism, and helps to establish justice. Each and every person should seek to do this, every day, in every area of activity, including Economics, Education, Entertainment, Labor, Law, Politics, Religion, Sex, and War.
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Five Smooth Stones - A Commentary

In order for white supremacy to be correctly replaced with justice the five senses of victims of racism need to be purified. This purification happens once victims of racism understand their correct relationship with the ALL-POWER commonly referred to as God. This relationship can be shown in the following formula. IP + AP > SP, where IP is inferior power of victims of racism, AP is the ALL POWER, and SP is the superior power of the white supremacists. In this power equation, a relationship with the ALL POWER can only occur in the absence of incorrectness and deception. This purity allows great benefit to victims of racism in order to flip the power equation.

In the above description, David, a very small boy at the time, slew Goliath. In the story, he used five stones. Allegorically speaking those stones are representing the faculties of the human being, hearing, smelling, sight, taste, and feeling. These are the inputs to our brain computers. If we allow our minds and hearts to feed on garbage, we can only produce garbage and garbage will not replace white supremacy with Justice. We must be better managers of what we allow into our brain computers in awe, regard, and utter respect for the ALL POWER. Using the conduit provided by the creator we tap into an unseen and inexplicable power which strengthens us to produce Justice.

David slew Goliath by striking him in the forehead. The forehead is the place wherein the conscious mind resides. The Goliath is struck there by five stones, the aforementioned "human faculties" which can be further condensed to be represented by the terms "thought, speech and action". Goliath strikes the earth and his conscious knowledge returns to the earth to be correctly disposed of in the death of all incorrectness... no more lies, no more killing, no more mistreatment. After his corrupted face, or his warped character returns to the earth, his head is cut off... severed from the body that it maintained. In this case, the head is the character of each individual white supremacist, and the body is the system of white supremacy. In this case each and every white person who practices white supremacy would be also transformed. Their own true character must come forth purified.

White supremacy must end. Replace white supremacy with justice. What are you willing to give up to have justice? Are you willing to stop polluting yourself, your soul, your mind, your body? Are you willing to stop drinking alcohols, wear dignified clothing, spend great amounts of time studying all things, paying attention to your offspring, breaking your inordinate lust for material things? When David drew his sword, the sword of truth and justice, he sealed his commitment. What is your commitment?

The http://www.thecode.net/ also offers Discussion Topics are based on author Neely Fuller Jr's, "The United-Independent Compensatory Code/System/Concept: A textbook/workbook for thought, speech, and/or action for victims of racism (white supremacy)." These forums offer indepth analysis of the nine areas of human activity (Economics, Education, Entertainment, Labor, Law, Politics, Religion, Sex and War).

§ visit www.counter-racism.com 's Counter-Racism Work/Study Project ForThe united-independent compensatory code/system/concept: A textbook/workbook for thought, speech, and/or action, for victims of *racism (white supremacy)This is a book by a brilliant author, black in a system of racism/white supremacy, born into the worst racist decades of our country, so he profoundly figured out how to think/behave/feel logically to counter the racist code.Mr. Fuller gives an antidote to and ways to cope with the victimhood of racism. Because non-whites are victims of white supremacy, he is saying, don't just accept victimhood. He maps out how to counter racism and white supremacy in all areas of activity.When white people harm non-white people, the wrongdoers -- the white people -- must undo that harm. Justice requires that the wrongdoer make amends. In this book, without waiting for white people to end white supremacy/racism, Mr. Fuller outlines steps that victims of racism can take to decode the language and actions of white supremacy and not to further fall victim to it by their own response.Mr. Fuller helps people see that following the logic, and following one's gut, about racism/white supremacy, go a long way in understanding why things happen.The problems blacks face today are the result of the legacy of slavery, Jim Crow, global white supremacy, etc. No white person can call himself anti-racist unless he analyzes every part of his life and behavior to understand how he might be supporting the global system of white supremacy.Mr. Fuller has analyzed what black people can do in every part of their lives and behaviors, to counter the system, to use codification to logically counter white supremacy's code. His mind, his commitment, are honest, are brilliant, and every white person who is not putting in equal commitment should be ashamed that he/she is not working as hard as this author to end completely, white supremacy/racim in this global village.
Paperback 334 pages
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Massive police attack on John Africa's MOVE


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The MOVE 9 are innocent men and women who have been in prison since
August 8, 1978, following a massive police attack on us at our home in
Powelton Village (Philadelphia). This was seven years before the
government dropped a bomb on MOVE, killing 11 people, including 5
babies. The August 8, 1978 police attack on MOVE followed years of
police brutality against MOVE and was a major military operation
carried out by the Philadelphia police department under orders of
then-mayor, Frank Rizzo, whose reputation for racism and brutality is
well known; it followed him up thru the ranks of the police department
to the police commissioner's office to the mayor's office. During this
attack, heavy equipment was used to tear down the fence surrounding our
home, and cops filled our home with enough tear gas to kill
us and our babies, while SWAT teams covered every possible exit. We
were all in the basement of our home, where we had 10 thousand pounds
of water pressure per minute directed at us from 4 fire department
water cannons (for a total of 40 thousand pounds of water pressure per
minute). As the basement filled with nearly six feet of water we had to
hold our babies and animals above the rising water so they wouldn't
drown. Suddenly shots rang out (news reporters and others know the shots came from a house at 33rd and Baring St., not our home, because they actually saw
the man shooting) and bullets immediately filled the air as police
through-out the area opened fire on us. Officer James Ramp, who was
standing above us on street-level and facing our home, was killed by a single bullet that struck him on a downward angle. This alone makes it impossible for MOVE to have killed Ramp, since we were below
street level, in the basement. MOVE adults came out of the house
carrying our children through clouds of tear gas, we were beat and
arrested. Television cameras actually filmed the vicious beating of our brother Delbert Africa (3 of the 4 cops that beat Delbert went to trial on minor charges). Despite the photographic evidence, the trial judge (Stanley Kubacki) refused to let the jury render a verdict and himself
acquitted the cops by directed order. Nine of us were charged with
murder and related charges for the death of James Ramp. Within a few
hours of our arrest, our home (which is supposed to be the "scene of
the crime" and therefore evidence) was deliberately destroyed, demolished, by city officials when they were legally obligated to preserve
all evidence, but we were held for trial anyway. We went to trial
before Judge Edward Malmed who convicted all nine of us of third degree
murder (while admitting that he didn't have "the faintest idea" who
killed Ramp) and sentenced each of us to 30 - 100 years in prison.
Judge Malmed also stated that MOVE people said we are a family so he sentenced us as a family; we were supposed to be on trial for murder, not
for being a family. It is clear that the MOVE 9 are in prison for being
committed MOVE members, not for any accusation of crime. Three other
adults that were in the house on August 8th did not get the same treatment as those that this government knows are committed MOVE members. One had all
charges dismissed against her in September of 1978 with the judge
saying that there was no evidence that she was a committed MOVE member
when the issue was supposed to be murder. The second one was
held for trial but released on bail; she was acquitted. The third one
was held for trial with no bail, convicted of conspiracy and given
10-23 years; she was paroled in 1994. It is obvious that everything
depended on whether or not the courts thought it was dealing with a
committed MOVE member, court decisions had nothing to do with the accusation of murder. It has been 25 years since the August 8, 1978 police attack on MOVE, 25 years
of unjust of imprisonment, but despite the hardship of being separated
from family-members, despite the grief over the murder of
family-members (including babies), the MOVE 9 remain strong and loyal
to our Belief, our Belief in Life, the Teaching of our Founder, JOHN
AFRICA. We have an uncompromising commitment to our Belief, which is
what makes us a strong unified family, despite all this government have
done to break us up and ultimately exterminate us.


It will take a massive amount of public pressure to force this
rotten corrupt government to release the MOVE 9 and all political
prisoners----What can YOU do to add to the pressure? 




MOVE 9
 
Chuck Africa



 Debbie Africa



Delbert Africa



Eddie Africa



Janet Africa



 Janine Africa



Merle Africa



Mike Africa



Phil Africa



http://www.4strugglemag.org/images/4sm143.jpg



  
Ramona
Africa: The Devil's Move on Move pt. 1 
    
 
Ramona
Africa: The Devil's Move on Move pt.2





WRITE THE MOVE 9 AT THE FOLLOWING ADDRESSES



Debbie Sims Africa #006307; Janet Hollaway Africa #006308
Janine Phillips Africa #6309

451 Fullerton Ave.

Cambridge Springs, PA. 16403-1238



William Phillips Africa #AM 4984; Delbert Orr Africa #AM 4985

1000 Follies Rd.

Dallas, PA. 18612



Michael Davis Africa #AM 4973; Charles Sims Africa #AM 4975

P.O. Box 244

Graterford, PA. 19426-0246



Edward Goodman Africa #AM 4974

301 Morea Rd.

Frackville, PA. 17932



CONTACT US THROUGH ANY OF THE FOLLOWING:

THE MOVE ORGANIZATION

P.O. Box 19709 Phila., PA. 19143

610 499-0979

onamovellja@aol.com


The Spook Who Sat By T he Door & mixtape link

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ALSO TAKE IN THIS MIXTAPE THAT ALOT OF ONEZ & ONEZ SLEPT ON


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01: Marvin Gaye Intro
02: Immaculate Spittin'
03: Holy Warz
04: Maccabee Anthem
05: Trust Factor (feat. Bilal & The Last Poets)
06: Black Angels
07: Maccabee Freestyle
08: Nuttin' New
09: 99 Hammers Freestyle
10: Walk U Thru (feat. Hot Flames)
11: Maccabee Ridaz
12: Untouchablez
13: Maccabean Revolt (feat. Daddy Rose & Saulhaudin)
14: Right to Bare Arms (feat. Ambassador & Terra Tory)
15: We Live This
16: Goldmindz (feat. Shabazz the Disciple)
17: Project Doorz
18: Planet to Planet (feat. Ambassador)
19: Watching Me (feat. Heart)
20: Maccabee Freestyle Pt. 2

http://www.hell-razahonline.com/
http://www.timboking.com/spooks.htm

Racism=White Supremacy

It is very important that a non-white person uses the word Racism in conjunction with the words White Supremacy and here's why.

When non-white people use the term Racism without using the term White Supremacy with it white people make sure the conversation is NOT focused on the mistreatment of people on the basis of COLOR. I have heard white people say "all forms of racism" in a conversation with non-white people and it is confusing to non-white people but not to white people.

White people KNOW what Racism is and they KNOW who the Victims of Racism (White Supremacy) are.

When non-white people use the term White Supremacy without using the term Racism with it white people will say that the non-white person is practicing Racism. I have seen it many times. Sometimes the white person will not say this directly but listen close to where the conversation goes when White Supremacy comes out of the mouth of a non-white person and the word Racism is not attached to it versus when it is attached to it. It always goes away from being mistreated on the basis of COLOR.

Race IS Racism. The ONLY purpose of a Race of people is to commit Racism. The ONLY Race of people in the universe is the people who classify themselves as white. Take a look at the following mathematical equation for reference...

Racism (White Supremacy) is a BEHAVIORAL SYSTEM that FUNCTIONS in all areas of people activity to maintain the POWER equation of WHITE OVER NON-WHITE.
_________________
What is the reason YOU were born into a SYSTEM of INJUSTICE if not to replace it with a SYSTEM of JUSTICE?

whut is white supremacy ?







Welsing's position is based on a desire to get black people as a collective to understand the root cause of racism/white supremacy so that it can be effectively counteracted. "Seventy plus percent of black households are single-parent households," she points out. "They're single-parent households because racism is war against black people in general and black men in particular. Black men are perceived as the people who can most effectively cause white genetic annihilation. If 70 percent of our households are single-parent households, then we have 70 percent of the male children who come out of those households who are confused and have chaotic behavior because they don't have adult male guidance. It is a slow method of genocide."

A few of the many psychosocial ills manifested in the black community that Dr. Welsing attributes to racism/white supremacy are sex obsession, drug abuse and overeating. "Many young black people are focused on money and on individuals who have amassed wealth by demeaning and degrading themselves," she laments. "If I could wave a magic wand we would have self-respect and seriousness about life situations as they impact the individual and the collective."

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Medical Apartheid

Medical Apartheid: The Dark History of Medical Experimentation on Black Americans from Colonial Times to the Present
check out the audio & the video

Medical
scholar Harriet Washington joins us to talk about her new book,
"Medical Apartheid: The Dark History of Medical Experimentation on
Black Americans from Colonial Times to the Present." The book reveals
the hidden underbelly of scientific research and the roots of the
African American health deficit. It also examines less well-known
abuses and looks at unethical practices and mistreatment of blacks that
are still taking place in the medical establishment today. [includes
rush transcript]

A
new report by the American Cancer society shows that African-Americans
are still more likely than any other group to develop and die of
cancer. The study states that socio-economic factors play the largest
role in this disparity - African Americans have less access to health
care and information, and are less likely to get screening and medical
treatment. Well, a new book offers one answer into why black Americans
deeply mistrust American medicine.
"Medical Apartheid:
The Dark History of Medical Experimentation on Black Americans from
Colonial Times to the Present" is the first and only comprehensive
history of medical experimentation, abuse and neglect of African
Americans. The book reveals the hidden underbelly of scientific
research and the roots of the African American health deficit. It
begins with the earliest encounters of blacks and the medical
establishment during slavery, looks at how eugenics and social
Darwinism was used to justify medical experiments conducted by the
government and the military - and offers new details about the infamous
Tuskegee Experiments that began in the 1930's.
"Medical
Apartheid" also examines less well-known abuses and looks at unethical
practices and mistreatment of blacks that are still taking place in the
medical establishment today. With us now is the Author of the book -
Harriet Washington. She is a medical writer and editor -- and a
visiting Scholar at DePaul University School of Law


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AFRIKAAN REVOLTS

Slave Rebellion











Enslaved African Revolts






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San Miguel de Gualdape
1526
According to Aptheker, and others, the first documented enslaved African rebellion in the Western Hemisphere, was at the Spanish settlement of San Miguel de Gualdape where enslaved Africans rebelled against their conditions in the fall of 1526.

The prime source of this information is ~The Spanish Settlements Within the Present Limits of the United States, 1513-1561~ by Woodbury Lowery. Noted historian Peter Wood also mentions this incident (in ~Black Majority~).

Mexico
1547
The first documented enslave African rebellion in Mexico, occurred in 1537; this was followed by the establishment of various runaway enslave African's settlements called "palenques.".
Brazil
1600s
In Brasil, in a sugar cane region near the Atlantic ocean known as Pernambuco, a group of 40 enslave Africans rebelled against their master. They killed all the white employees and burned the houses and plantation. They headed to a very hostile area in the mountains, known as Palmares, because of its abundance of palm trees. In this place an African community was born which lasted for over 100 years. It was divided into eleven fortified sites. There, a population estimated to be about 20 000 free Africans created a new religion and a common language to bring together at least six different African cultures. It is argued that they organized the first socialist society in world. They also mobilized an army that could take over Pernambuco, if they wanted to. They defeated seven attacks from Brazilian military forces and from a Dutch army that had invaded and occupied that region for some years. They ignored a proposal of peace and freedon for all, from the king of Portugal. Zumbi of Palmares, today a hero for Brazilian blacks, was the name of an young acolyte who grew up and became the greatest leader of this African community. Also in this community the first forms of Capoeira which is a deadly martial art, were developed.

Contribution made by Italo Ramos iramos@cy.com.br

Mexico
1608
In Mexico, Spaniards negotiated the establishment of a free black community with Yagna, a runaway rebel enslave African. Today, that community in Veracruz bears its founder's name.
Brazil
1630
In Brazil, many enslave Africans with assistance from Palmares an escape enslave African community in the mountains, left the plantations and fought the Portuguese and Dutch Armies. This fighting continued up until 1644. It is important to point out that the Dutch and Portuguese Armies were formed by very experienced and well-armed soldiers. But the Africans developed a system of fighting called "jungle war" or ambush. Capoeira which is a deadly martial art, was the key element in the unexpected attacks. With fast and tricky movements the African caused considerable damage to the white men. Capoeira became their weapon, their symbol of freedom.
St. Kitts Nevis
1639
On the island St. Kitts, in November 1639, more than sixty enslaved Africans from the Capisterre region, angered by the brutal treatment meted out to them by their owners, left their plantations and found refuge on the slopes of Mount Misery. They took with them their women and children. The runaways built a formidable camp upon the mountainside. It was protected by a precipice on one side and could only be approached by a narrow pass. From this position they carried out raids on the plantations.

To put an end to their activities, Governor De Poincy raised a company of five hundred armed men. The stronghold was stormed by the soldiers and the uprising was crushed without much difficulty as the runaways were poorly armed and too few in number to offer much resistance. Most of them were killed in skirmishes. Some of the runaways were burnt alive, while the rest were captured, quartered, and their limbs exposed on stakes to serve as a warning to those who might be tempted to rebel.

However, one of their leaders, a gigantic man, escaped and continued to elude capture for three years and was able to carry on a one-man reign of terror from the forests of Mount Misery. He served as a rallying point for other discontented enslaved Africans and was kept well informed of what was going on in the settlements. However, he continued to live apart from his fellow runaways, fearing that one of them might betray him in order to gain favour with the planters. His success in evading capture inspired many to think that he was aided by supernatural powers.

Realising the danger that this situation caused to the French settlement on the island, De Poincy sent some half a dozen soldiers to track him down and capture him. The mission was kept secret to prevent the slaves from giving him advance notice of what was to come. The soldiers pursued him and once they had him in their sights they blazed away at him. None of their muskets would go off and the infuriated African sword in hand, charged them. The men fled and he was able to gain a musket and a hat. Again the rumor spread that the runaway possessed magical powers that protected him from fire arms.

Quickly the French Governor sent out another squad to seize him. Again the African was found and surrounded, again shots were fired and again he was not hit. However, the sergeant who must have kept his nerve more than his subordinates, shot him through the head. His body was quartered and the limbs hung in the most public places.

"The buried history of the rebellion."



Virginia, USA
1663
First serious enslave African conspiracy in Colonial America, Sept. 13. Servant betrayed plot of White servants and enslave Africans in Gloucester County, Va.
Virginia, USA
1672
Fugitive Africans in small armed bands raided nearby towns hoping to convince others to join them. The Assembly urged their capture dead or alive, saying "very dangerous consequences may arise if other Negroes fly forth and join them."
New York, USA
1712
Enslave Africans revolt, New York, April 7. A group of slaves plotting rebellion bound themselves to secrecy by "sucking ye blood of each Others hand." Several months later, they set fire to a building and attacked approaching whites, killing nine. Eventually, 70 Negroes were taken. Six were pardoned and 27 condemned, one being hung alive in chains so, stated the Governor" . . . there has been the most exemplary punishment inflicted that could be possibly thought of . . ."
Surinam
1700s
After a half century of guerrilla warfare against colonial and European troops, the Maroons of Surinam who were escaped enslaved Africans, signed treaties with the Dutch colonial government in the 1760s, enabling them to live a virtually independent existence. Their population was estimated to be between 25,000 and 47,000 during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.
Jamaica
1720
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Buy this Book on Nanny!
Nanny of the Maroons stands out in history as the only female among Jamaica's national heroes. She possessed that fierce fighting spirit generally associated with the courage of men.

In fact, Nanny is described as a fearless Asante warrior who used militarist techniques to fool and beguile the English. Nanny was a leader of the Maroons at the beginning of the 18th. Century. She was known by both the Maroons and the British settlers as an outstanding military leader who became, in her lifetime and after, a symbol of unity and strength for her people during times of crisis.

She was particularly important to them in the fierce fight with the British during the First Maroon War from 1720 to 1739. Although she has been immortalized in songs and legends, certain facts about Nanny (or "Granny Nanny", as she was affectionately known) have also been documented. Both legends and documents refer to her as having exceptional leadership qualities. She was a small wiry woman with piercing eyes. Her influence over the Maroons was so strong that it seemed to be supernatural and was said to be connected to her powers of obeah. She was particularly skilled in organising the guerrilla warfare carried out by the Eastern Maroons to keep away the British troops who attempted to penetrate the mountains to overpower them.

Her cleverness in planning guerrilla warfare confused the British and their accounts of the fights reflect the surprise and fears which the Maroon traps caused among them. Beside inspiring her people to ward off troops, Nanny was also a type of chieftainess or wise woman of the village, who passed down legends and encouraged the continuation of customs, music and songs that had come with the people from Africa, and that instilled in them confidence and pride.

Her spirit of freedom was so great that in 1739, when Quao signed the second Treaty (The first was signed by Cudjoe for the Leeward Maroons a few months earlier) with the British, it is reported that Nanny was very angry and in disagreement with the
principle of peace with the British which she knew meant another form of subjugation. There are many legends about Nanny among the Maroons. Some even claim that there were several women who were leaders of the Maroons during this period of
history. But all the legends and documents refer to Nanny of the First Maroon War as the most outstanding of them all, leading her people with courage and inspiring them to struggle to maintain that spirit of freedom, that life of independence, which was their rightful inheritance.

Like the heroes of the pre Independence era, Nanny too met her untimely death at the instigation of the English sometime around 1734. Yet, the spirit of Nanny of the Maroons remains today as a symbol of that indomitable desire that will never yield to captivity.

jamaicaway.comThe Maroons of Jamaica

Henrietta Marie,Mel Fisher Maritime Heritage Society,Maroon Warrior
A Maroon Warrior
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Virginia, USA 1730 Enslave African conspiracy discovered in Norfolk and Princess Anne counties, Va.
St. Johns, USVI
1733

Nov. 23 2002 marked the 267 years since the slave revolt took place on St. John. What led up to it? Who were these enslaved Africans who took on many plantation owners as well as other Danish officials and the whites ruling class? These are some of the issues that were never addressed when we were in school.St. John USVI slave revolt

One of the most successful slave rebellions in the long history of self-determination in the Caribbean took place then on the Danish-controlled island of St. John. It was 3 a.m. on Nov. 23, 1733, a group of enslaved Africans broken into their "master's" house, a Mr. Soetman's, stripping him of his cloth and forced him to dance and sing. They ran a sword through his body and cut off his head and washed themselves in his blood. Following the execution, they killed his stepdaughter Hissing, a 13 year old, and left her body on top of him.

About 4 a.m. that same morning, a group of 14 enslaved Africans marched through the gates of Fortsberg at Coral Bay, St. John. They slaughtered five soldiers at the fort.

The revolt spread, particularly on the northwest side of the island, and some 300 enslave Africans were on the war path, going from estate to estate. The rebellion continued until June of 1734. However, many historians have the tendency to overlook the real cause that led up to this bloody revolt. They have polished the history to the point that you may think the enslaved and brutalized Africans were just bloodthirsty.

The enslaved Africans who initiated the revolt were known as the "Akan" or "Aminas." They originally were from the Gold Coast of West Africa, including Ghana.

In the 1730s enslaved Africans were brought to St. John and St. Thomas to work on the plantations; many slaves escaped into the forest of the island. This was a cause of major concern for planters, who owned the slaves, and of the Danish government.

Gov. Philip Gardelin issued an 18-article code to control enslaved Africans on the islands from running away. First, enslaved Africans were not considered human beings in the Danish West Indies. They were property, to buy and to sell. The document stated that any runaways would be subjected to torture with a red-hot iron. They could also lose a leg or ear. The leaders of runaway slaves would be tortured and hung.

Additional punishment included whippings and branding. Slaves failing to report what they knew of runaways would be branded in their forehead and would get 100 lashes. A slave found guilty of conspiracy would lose his/her legs unless the owners requested a lighter sentence.

Cowardly slaves that "ratted" on other slaves received awards from the Danish authorities. The code also stated that any slaves who didn't show deference to white people would lose their right hand; or hanging for a slaves who struck or threatened to strike a white person. In other words, enslaved Africans in the Danish colonials had no rights. The female slaves were raped and sexually exploited. The "owners" of slaves had the right to do as they pleased with their "property."

Thousands of enslaved African wo-men were raped, killed and abused. In fact, the majority of slaves who ran away- known as the maroons - were female slaves.

Another reason leading up to the slave revolt on St. John was the natural disasters. Before the upraising of slaves on St. John in November of 1733, there were long periods of drought; followed in July by a devastating hurricane that destroyed crops, buildings and shipments.

That same year, another hurricane hit the island. After that, a plague of insects destroyed many of the products of the islands and slaves teetered on famine. We today would say, "All hell breaks lose." Well, that's exactly what happened in 1733. The enslaved Africans of the Akan tribe believed in the "migration of souls." When they die, they believed that they would go into a better world.

For this and other reason the slaves of St. John took things into their own hands. The Danish government got help from the French island of Martinique to hunt down slaves and killed them. Some slaves escaped by jumping over a cliff known as Ram Head.

Each year - for the pass 18 years - a group of Virgin Islanders, as well as individuals from other Caribbean is-lands, hike to Ram Head to pay their respect to those who fought for freedom - all our freedom.

This year a film company from Cali-fornia will be documenting the event of the slaves revolt on St. John. Lauren Herz is the associate producer of the company.

A group of us will hike to Ram Head on Friday. For more information, contact Professor Gene Emanuel at 693-1348 at the University of the Virgin Islands. By Olasee Davis

South Carolina, USA
1739
Enslaved Africans revolt, Stono, S.C., Sept 9. Twenty-five Whites killed before the insurrection was put down.
New York, USA
1741
Series of suspicious fires and reports of enslaved Africans conspiracy led to general hysteria in New York City, March and April. Thirty-one enslaved Africans and five Whites were executed.
Guyana
1763
The Berbice enslaved Africans Rebellion broke out (at the time when Berbice was a separate Dutch colony). The revolt is the result of the cruelty with which the Dutch plantation owners have been treating the enslaved Africans.

The enslaved Africans led by Cuffy (Kofi) held the county of Berbice for almost one year. The revolution began at plantation Magdalenenburg which is up the Canje River. The population on the plantation was approximately 3,833 Africans, 346 Europeans and 244 Amerindian (Native) labourers. Within one month the Africans were in control of almost all the plantations in Berbice. Some of the Dutch soldiers fled others were killed by the Africans.

The Africans were eventually defeated because they entered into negotiations with the Europeans who assured them that they were negotiating in good faith. The Europeans were actually waiting for the arrival of reinforcements. When the shiploads of reinforcement arrived, the Europeans being the majority and better armed, were then able to defeat the Africans. Almost a year after the revolution began Cuffy killed himself rather than be taken captive by the Europeans. Today Cuffy is a National Hero of Guyana.

Montserrat
1768
The Irish presence in Montserrat dates back to the 1630s, when the first pioneers -- Roman Catholics -- sailed over from St. Kitts because of friction with British Protestant settlers there. The Irish planters brought Enslaved Africans to work their sugar cane fields. Soon the enslaved Africans outnumbered them 3-to-1 and began rebelling. In 1768, the enslaved Africans planned an island-wide attack on St. Patrick's Day, when the planters would be celebrating. Servants were instructed to grab all the weapons they could find inside the Government House while field slaves stormed the building with rocks, farm tools, clubs and homemade swords. But someone leaked the plan, and debate over who's to blame still continues. Local authorities punished the enslaved Africans severely, hanging nine.

Today people mix their annual celebration of shamrocks and green beer with memories of an aborted enslaved African revolt against Irish planters. The result is a Caribbean amalgam of colonial culture and African pride -- a week long fete with islanders dancing Irish jigs one night, then mocking their one-time masters the next by cracking whips and masquerading in tall hats like bishops' miters. "We are celebrating the rise of the African freedom fighters said historian Howard Fergus.

Massachusetts, USA
1773
In Massachusetts enslaved Africans petitioned the legislature for freedom, Jan. 6. There is a record of 8 petitions during Revolutionary War period.
Belize
1773
On the Belize River in Belize, enslaved Africans took over five plantations and killed six white men. There were about fifty armed Africans with sixteen Musquets, Cutlasses, etc. involved in this rebellion.
Haiti
1791
Haitian Revolution began with the revolt of enslaved Africans in the northern province, Aug 22. An estimated 350,000 people died in this revolution before Haiti was declared a free republic on January 1, 1804. This was the most significant rebellion during the MAAFA. See a lot more on The Haitian Revolution
Curacao
1795
In August 1795, there was a major enslaved African rebellion for two weeks on the island of Curacao, led by Tula and Bastiaan Karpata. Influenced by the revolution in Haiti, they gained weapons, attacked plantations and freed other enslaved Africans. They were caught and executed the following month. Curacao's enslaved Africans were not emancipated until 1863. They still commemorate the uprising on August 17.
Richmond, USA
1800
Gabriel Prosser plotted and was betrayed. Storms forced suspension of attack on Richmond, Va., by Prosser and some 1,000 enslaved Africans on Aug. 30. This conspiracy was betrayed by two enslave Africans. Prosser and fifteen of his followers were hanged on Oct 7

Gabriel Prosser


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Lousiana, USA
1811
In january of 1811, a powerfull uprising of enslaved Africans took place in the area of New orlean, Lousiana. On january 8, 1811 over 500 enslaved Africans, led by a laborer named Charles on the Deslonde plantation (some 26miles upriver form New Orleans) downed there tools and grabed a few weapons. They then proceeded to march on the city. Their goal was to capture the city and free all the enslaved Africans in the lower Mississippi valley. As they moved down the river, they pushed back the enslavers and their flunkeys, killing many and burning several plantations. There rallying cries were, "On to New Orleans!" and "freedom or death!" They got to within 10 miles of the city, where they were attacked by U.S. government troops. Casualties well taken on both sides. This was the largest enslaved Africans revolt in the United States.
Florida, USA
1816
300 enslaved Africans and about 20 Indian allies held Fort Blount on Apalachicola Bay, Fla., for several days before it was attacked by U.S. Troops.
Barbados
1816
On the island of Barbados an enslaved African by the name of Bussa, led a revolt over the British rulers. His bravery and commitment against the evil of slavery is commemorated today with a statue in his honor (which is shown in the picture at the top left side of this page).
Belize
1820
In May the enslaved Africans of the Belize and Sibun rivers a region in Belize, revolted after very harsh treatment. This revolt was led by two enslaved Africans name Will and Sharper. This revolt lasted for about one month.
South Carolina, USA
1822
Denmark Vesey plotted and was betrayed. 'House slave' betrayed Denmark Vesey conspiracy, May 30. Vesey conspiracy, one of the most elaborate enslaved African plots on record, involved thousands of Africans in Charleston, S.C., and its vicinity. Authorities arrested 131 Africans and four whites. Thirty-seven were hanged. Vesey and five of his aides were hanged at Blake's Landing, Charleston, S.C., July 2...
Guyana
1823
There was an enslaved African rebellion on the East Coast of the Demerara in the country of Guyana.
Cincinnati, USA
1829
Race riot, Cincinnati, Ohio, August 10. More than 1,000 Africans left the city for Canada.
Augusta, USA
1829
A slave-set fire swept the city. Governor Forsyth appealed to U.S. Secretary of War, for "arms to protect the people of the state in case of slave revolt.".
Virginia, USA
1831
Nat Turner revolt, Southampton County, Va., August 21-22. Some 60 Whites were killed. Nat Turner was not captured until October 30. Nat Turner was hanged, in Jerusalem, Va., Nov. 11. Death and Liberty


Horrid massacre in Virginia, 1831.
The massacre during Nat Turner's Rebellion
Jamaica
1831

The Baptist Revolt

CAUSES:-

  • 1) Samuel Sharp (a literate enslaved African), saw a newspaper and read an article on the emancipation of the enslaved Africans. He misinterpreted the article, thinking that emancipation was given to the enslaved Africans, but the planters refused to give slaves their freedom. Sharp, of course, felt that he and his fellow enslaved Africans were being denied their freedom and so vowed to get back at the whites and hasten emancipation. He told his fellow enslaved African not to work until they get paid until Christmas. During the battle, Samuel acted like a Trade Union leader of modern times.
  • 2) This is a proposed cause:- An enslaved African male was forced to watch his spouse brutally flogged and got enraged, so he striked at the whipper, who was a black man and he got arrested. The reason is that he went against authority. The other enslaved Africans, who were witnesses, got angry and revolted.
  • 3) Another proposed cause:- William Knibb, a missionary, was blamed by the whites for enticing the eslaved Africans to revolt. The planters felt that the non-conformists (Baptists and English Catholics) who did not stick to the Anglican religion, encoraged the enslaved Africans to revolt. However, William Knibb of the Baptist church heard of the plans of revolting from one of the enslaved Africans and tried to stop it. What William never thought of, is that the nature of his sermons and the teachings of all men being equal, may have stirred up the rebellion.

    NATURE:
    The violence and bloodshed started on the 27th of December, 1831. It began in the Salt Spring estate, 50,000 enslaved Africans broke out in revolt in the western parishes. Signal fires were used in communicating the message of the revolt from one plantation to the next. Boiling houses, mansions and cane fields were deliberately set aflame. The enslave Africans also destroyed other plantation properties, tools and equipment, mainly the punishment tools and devices.

    CONSEQUENCES:

  • 1) 15 whites were killed
  • 2) 400 slaves were killed in battle and 100 including Samuel Sharp were flogged or executed.
  • 3)Several missionaries were arrested
  • 4) William Knibb was arrested and charged with enticing rebellion against the colony.

    Submitted by Miss Talitha Gilbert.

  • Brazil
    1835
    In Brasil, 1835 was the year of the famous Revolt of Malês. Malê was the name of a black slave contingent bought in Muslim countries, that left few descendants in Brasil. They had culture, were monotheists, knew how to read and write, used to teach the Koran to others enslaved Africans and organized revolts in 1807, 1809, 1813, 1816, 1827 and, the biggest, in 1835, all in Bahia state. Tired of fighting them the Brazillian government qualified them too dangerous to stay in Brasil and thus they were deported back to Africa. From then on, to buy this kind of slaves was forbidden."
    Baltimore, USA
    1838
    Frederick Douglass escaped from slavery in Baltimore, Sept. 3.
    Amistad
    1839
    Amistad mutiny led by Joseph Cinquez, were captured. After trial in Conn., returned to Africa.
    Click here to see more on AMISTAD
    Virginia, USA
    1841
    Enslave Africans revolted on the slave trader 'Creole' which was en route from Hampton, Va., to New Orleans, La., Nov 7. The enslaved Africans overpowered crew and sailed vessel to Bahamas where they were granted asylum and freedom.
    Georgia, USA
    1848
    Ellen Craft impersonated an enslaver holder, William Craft acted as her servant in one of the most dramatic enslaved Africans escapes--this one from slavery in Georgia, Dec 26.
    Maryland, USA
    1849
    Harriet Tubman escaped from slavery in Maryland, summer. She returned to South 19 times and brought out more than 300 enslaved Africans.
    Massachusetts, USA
    1851
    African abolitionist crashed into a courtroom in Boston and rescued a fugitive enslaved African, Feb 15.

    Pennsylvania, USA
    1851
    Africans dispersed a group of slave catchers Sept 11 in Christiana, Pa., conflict. One White man was killed, another wounded.
    New York, USA
    1851
    African and White abolitionists smashed into courtroom in Syracuse, N.Y., and rescued a fugitive enslaved African Oct 1.
    Virginia, USA
    1859
    Five Africans with 13 Whites with John Brown attacked Harpers Ferry, Va., Oct 16-17. Two Africans were killed, 2 captured, one escaped. John


    Fear Of Slave Revolts

    In addition to numerous published accounts documenting white fear of slave uprisings, many private letters discuss problems brewing on individual plantations. In this letter, John Rutherford, an agent for Virginia plantation owner William B. Randolph, wrote to Randolph indicating that a concerned neighbor near Randolph's Chatworth plantation feared "fatal consequences" if the overseer did not cease his "brutality" toward the Chatworth slaves.